翻譯：《典論自序》
都是殘影，都是泛黃的虛風。
我們的妄想沒有結束，那個時代就不會終結。
以下正文；注釋收進裡面，長篇注意。
《典論自序》
“Treatises on the Codes: An Autobiography”
初平之元，董卓殺主鴆后，蕩覆王室。是時四海既困中平之政，兼惡卓之凶逆，家家思亂，人人自危。山東牧守，咸以《春秋》之義，「衛人討州吁於濮」，言人人皆得討賊。於是大興義兵，名豪大俠，富室強族，飄揚云會，萬里相赴；兗、豫之師戰於滎陽，河內之甲軍於孟津。卓遂遷大駕，西都長安。而山東大者連郡國，中者嬰城邑，小者聚阡陌，以還相吞併。會黃巾盛於海岱，山寇暴於并、冀，乘勝轉攻，席捲而南，鄉邑望煙而奔，城郭睹塵而潰。百姓死亡，暴骨如莽。余時年五歲，上以四方擾亂，教余學射，六歲而知射；又教餘騎馬，八歲而知騎射矣。以時之多難故，每征，余常從。
During the first years of the Chuping period, (1) Dong Zhuo assassinated the emperor and poisoned the empress, (2) causing havoc and chaos in the imperial court. At that time the world was suffering from the misgovernment of the Zhongping period and was disgusted with the savage and treasonable Dong; (3) each family was plotting an uprising, and every person found himself in danger. Inspired by the teachings of the Spring and Autumn Annals that “the people of Wei put Zhou Xu to death in Pu”, (4) regional governors east of the Mountain announced that every man shall fight the traitor. (5) Thus a volunteer army was raised – from renowned valiants of honor and courage to members of rich and respected clans all gathered in anger and bravery, coming from lands a thousand miles apart. The troops from Yan (6) and Yu (7) fought at Yingyang, (8) while the soldiers from the east of the Yellow River stationed at Mengjin. (9) Dong thus forced the emperor to relocate, and established a new capital in the west at Chang’an. Those gathered from the east of the Mountain returned to their respective places and seized each other’s territories – the powerful controlled provinces and states, the mediocre patrolled cities and towns, and the weaker ones joined forces at farms and fields. At the same time, the Yellow Turbans (10) flourished around Hai and Dai (11) , while the bandits rampaged at Bing and Ji. (12) Exploiting earlier victories, they began striking and sweeping on towards the south. Villagers fled at the sight of smoke, while cities collapsed wherever dust was spotted. Countless people were killed, their exposed bones covering the land like weeds. I was five when Father, (13) concerned with the turmoil and disorder in the world, taught me how to use a bow; at six I was skilled at archery. Father then taught me how to ride; at eight I could shoot from horseback. Seeing the world in disarray and chaos, every time Father went to war, I would follow.
建安初，上南征荊州，至宛，張繡降，旬日而反，亡兄孝廉子修，從兄安民遇害。時余年十歲，乘馬得脫。夫文武之道，各隨時而用。生於中平之季，長於戎旅之間，是以少好弓馬，於今不衰；逐禽則十里，馳射常百步，日多體健，心每不厭。建安十年，始定冀州。濊、貊貢良弓，燕、代獻名馬。時歲之暮春，句芒司節，和風扇物，弓燥手柔，草淺獸肥，與族兄子丹獵於鄴西，終日手獲獐鹿九，雉兔三十。後軍南征次曲蠡，尚書令苟��奉使犒軍，見余談論之末，��言：「聞君善左右射，此實難能。」余言：「執事未睹乎項發口縱，俯馬蹄而仰月支也。」��喜笑曰：「乃爾！」余曰：「埒有常徑，的有常所，雖每發輒中，非至妙也。若馳平原，赴豐草，要狡獸，截輕禽，使弓不虛彎，所中必洞，斯則妙矣。」時軍祭酒張京在坐，顧��拊手曰：「善。」
At the beginning of the Jian’an period, (14) Father attacked the south at Jing Province. (15) When we arrived at Wan city, (16) Zhang Xiu surrendered; (17) yet he rebelled within days. My late brother, the Filial and Honest Zixiu, (18) and my elder cousin Anmin (19) were murdered. I was ten then, when I barely escaped by mounting a horse. There is a time for both literary and martial arts. Born towards the end of the Zhongping period and having grown up surrounded by wars, my fondness in shooting and riding has not declined since a young age. I would ride ten miles in pursuit of game, and shoot from horseback targeting a hundred paces away. My body became stronger as days went by, yet my heart never grows tired. In the tenth year of the Jian’an period, Ji Province was finally brought to peace. Wei and Wo paid tribute with fine bows, (20) and Yan and Dai presented offerings of famous horses. (21) At the end of spring that year, Goumang brought trees and flowers to bloom, (22) and the gentle breeze fanned the earth; the bow was dry and my arms were pliant; the grass was short and the beasts were fat. My cousin Zidan (23) and I went on a hunt west of Ye City, (24) and at the end of the day we caught nine deer and thirty pheasants. Later on I was with the troops heading to the South, and Xun Yu, (25) Director of the Imperial Secretariat was sent to reward the troops when we encamped at Quli. (26) Catching me at the end of a conversation, Xun said, “I have heard that you can shoot from both hands – this is truly commendable.” I replied, “Sir, you have yet to see me shooting from beside my neck or mouth, hitting the Horseshoe target while bending low, and the Yuezhi target while reaching up.” Xun said with a delighted smile, “Is that truly so!” I replied, “The moving targets have set paths, while the stationary targets have set locations; even if one could hit a target with every shot, his skills are not yet perfect. Yet if he would gallop through the plains and pursue beasts and birds, with his bow never drawn in vain, and every arrow piercing through the game – that would be brilliant.” Zhang Jing (27) , the Chancellor who was present then, looked at Xun and slapped his hands, saying, “This is good.”
余又學擊劍，閱師多矣。四方之法各異，唯京師為善。桓靈之間，有虎賁王越善劍術，稱於京師。河南史阿言昔與越遊，具得其法。余從阿學之精熟。嘗與平虜將軍劉勳、奮威將軍��展等共飲。宿聞展善有手臂，曉五兵，又稱其能空手入白刃。余與論劍良久，謂言將軍法非也，余顧嘗好之，又得善術。因求與余對。時酒酣耳熱，方食芋蔗，便以為杖，下殿數交。三中其臂，左右大笑。展意不平，求更為之。余言吾法急屬，難相中面，故齊臂耳。展言願複一交，余知其欲突以取交中也，因偽深進。展果尋前，余郤腳鄛，正截其顙。座中驚視。余還座，笑曰：「昔陽慶使淳於意去其故方，更授以秘術。今余亦願��將軍捐棄故伎，更受要道也。」一座盡歡。
I have also learnt to fence with a sword. I have encountered many masters, and though the methods vary from place to place, those of the Capital are the best. During the reigns of Emperors Huan (28) and Ling (29) , there was a Brave Tiger Guard named Wang Yue (30) , who was an expert at swordplay and had a good reputation in the Capital. Shi A (31) from Henan said that he had once travelled with Wang, and has learnt all of his techniques. I studied with Shi, and learnt the essence of his techniques. Once I was drinking with Liu Xun (32) the General Who Pacifies Insurgents, Deng Zhan (33) the General Who Exerts Might and a few others. Long had I heard that Deng had powerful arms and mastered five weapons; some said he could catch a sword with his bare hands. After a long discussion with him on swordsmanship, I told him, “General, your way is wrong – I used to be fond of yours, and then I learned a better way.” Thus he asked to fight with me. At that time we were warmed with wine and chewing sugarcanes; so we took those as swords, descended from the hall, and fought several rounds. Thrice I hit him on his arm and everybody laughed. Deng was unwilling to submit and asked to fight again. I told him that my way emphasizes speed and it would be hard to aim at his face; so I had only struck up to arm-height. Deng said he would want to fight again. I knew he was trying to rush forward and strike my chest; I thus feinted to advance, and Deng attempted to dash forward as expected – as I hit him squarely on his face with a shift. All present were astounded. I returned to my seat and said with a smile, “In olden times Yang Qing (34) instructed Chunyu Yi (35) to abandon his old practices and taught him with an esoteric method. (36) Now I would also wish General Deng to discard his former techniques and accept the essentials of mine.” The assembly was all made merry.
夫事不可自謂已長。余少曉持複，自謂無對。俗名雙戟為坐鐵室，鑲楯為蔽木戶。 後從陳國袁敏學，以單攻複，每為若神，對家不知所出。先日若逢敏于狹路，直決耳！余於他戲弄之事少所喜，唯彈棋略盡其巧，少為之賦。昔京師先工有馬合鄉侯、東方安世、張公子，常恨不得與彼數子者對。上雅好詩書文籍，雖在軍旅，手不釋卷。每定省從容。常言人少好學則思專，長則善忘。長大而能勤學者，唯吾與袁伯業耳。余是以少誦詩論，及長而備歷五經四部；史漢、諸子百家之言，靡不畢覽。所著書論詩賦，凡六十篇。至若智而能愚，勇而能怯，仁以接物，恕以及下，以付後之良史。
In no matter shall one claim to excel. At a younger age I could wield twin blades, and believed myself to be matchless – a popular saying goes that “one with twin halberds is like staying in an iron room, and one with two shields is like sheltered in a wooden house.” Later I studied under Yuan Min (37) from the state of Chen (38) , who could use single weapons to counter double weapons, and whose skill was extraordinary that his opponent could never predict his next strike. If, in earlier days, I had come into confrontation with Yuan, I would have been defeated in a wink! I have had few interests in games since childhood, only with chess have I mastered a few strategies, and had written a fu about that when I was young. Formerly among the masters at the Capital there were Marquis Ma of Hexiang (39) , Dongfang Anshi (40) and the young master Zhang (41) ; I always regretted never having the chance to play against them. Father had a refined appreciation for poetry, history and literary works, so that even among his troops he was never seen without a book in hand. At deep nights and early mornings he would read calmly and confidently, and say, “When one is young and fond of learning, his thoughts are absorbed; yet as he age the joy is forgotten. Yuan Boye (42) and I alone were those who would study diligently even when we have grown old.” I therefore read and recited the Book of Odes and the Analects at an early age, and as I grew older I thoroughly explored the Five Classics, the Four Vaults, the Shi ji, the Han shu and the words of the various schools of thought – there was none of these that I have not read comprehensively. The essays, treatises, poetry and fu I have written amounts to about sixty. As to whether I have been wise yet humble-looking, brave yet willing to retreat when the time comes, kind and honest to my fellows, and considerate and compassionate with my vassals, this I leave for a virtuous historian of a later time to decide.
我們的妄想沒有結束，那個時代就不會終結。
以下正文；注釋收進裡面，長篇注意。
《典論自序》
“Treatises on the Codes: An Autobiography”
初平之元，董卓殺主鴆后，蕩覆王室。是時四海既困中平之政，兼惡卓之凶逆，家家思亂，人人自危。山東牧守，咸以《春秋》之義，「衛人討州吁於濮」，言人人皆得討賊。於是大興義兵，名豪大俠，富室強族，飄揚云會，萬里相赴；兗、豫之師戰於滎陽，河內之甲軍於孟津。卓遂遷大駕，西都長安。而山東大者連郡國，中者嬰城邑，小者聚阡陌，以還相吞併。會黃巾盛於海岱，山寇暴於并、冀，乘勝轉攻，席捲而南，鄉邑望煙而奔，城郭睹塵而潰。百姓死亡，暴骨如莽。余時年五歲，上以四方擾亂，教余學射，六歲而知射；又教餘騎馬，八歲而知騎射矣。以時之多難故，每征，余常從。
During the first years of the Chuping period, (1) Dong Zhuo assassinated the emperor and poisoned the empress, (2) causing havoc and chaos in the imperial court. At that time the world was suffering from the misgovernment of the Zhongping period and was disgusted with the savage and treasonable Dong; (3) each family was plotting an uprising, and every person found himself in danger. Inspired by the teachings of the Spring and Autumn Annals that “the people of Wei put Zhou Xu to death in Pu”, (4) regional governors east of the Mountain announced that every man shall fight the traitor. (5) Thus a volunteer army was raised – from renowned valiants of honor and courage to members of rich and respected clans all gathered in anger and bravery, coming from lands a thousand miles apart. The troops from Yan (6) and Yu (7) fought at Yingyang, (8) while the soldiers from the east of the Yellow River stationed at Mengjin. (9) Dong thus forced the emperor to relocate, and established a new capital in the west at Chang’an. Those gathered from the east of the Mountain returned to their respective places and seized each other’s territories – the powerful controlled provinces and states, the mediocre patrolled cities and towns, and the weaker ones joined forces at farms and fields. At the same time, the Yellow Turbans (10) flourished around Hai and Dai (11) , while the bandits rampaged at Bing and Ji. (12) Exploiting earlier victories, they began striking and sweeping on towards the south. Villagers fled at the sight of smoke, while cities collapsed wherever dust was spotted. Countless people were killed, their exposed bones covering the land like weeds. I was five when Father, (13) concerned with the turmoil and disorder in the world, taught me how to use a bow; at six I was skilled at archery. Father then taught me how to ride; at eight I could shoot from horseback. Seeing the world in disarray and chaos, every time Father went to war, I would follow.
建安初，上南征荊州，至宛，張繡降，旬日而反，亡兄孝廉子修，從兄安民遇害。時余年十歲，乘馬得脫。夫文武之道，各隨時而用。生於中平之季，長於戎旅之間，是以少好弓馬，於今不衰；逐禽則十里，馳射常百步，日多體健，心每不厭。建安十年，始定冀州。濊、貊貢良弓，燕、代獻名馬。時歲之暮春，句芒司節，和風扇物，弓燥手柔，草淺獸肥，與族兄子丹獵於鄴西，終日手獲獐鹿九，雉兔三十。後軍南征次曲蠡，尚書令苟��奉使犒軍，見余談論之末，��言：「聞君善左右射，此實難能。」余言：「執事未睹乎項發口縱，俯馬蹄而仰月支也。」��喜笑曰：「乃爾！」余曰：「埒有常徑，的有常所，雖每發輒中，非至妙也。若馳平原，赴豐草，要狡獸，截輕禽，使弓不虛彎，所中必洞，斯則妙矣。」時軍祭酒張京在坐，顧��拊手曰：「善。」
At the beginning of the Jian’an period, (14) Father attacked the south at Jing Province. (15) When we arrived at Wan city, (16) Zhang Xiu surrendered; (17) yet he rebelled within days. My late brother, the Filial and Honest Zixiu, (18) and my elder cousin Anmin (19) were murdered. I was ten then, when I barely escaped by mounting a horse. There is a time for both literary and martial arts. Born towards the end of the Zhongping period and having grown up surrounded by wars, my fondness in shooting and riding has not declined since a young age. I would ride ten miles in pursuit of game, and shoot from horseback targeting a hundred paces away. My body became stronger as days went by, yet my heart never grows tired. In the tenth year of the Jian’an period, Ji Province was finally brought to peace. Wei and Wo paid tribute with fine bows, (20) and Yan and Dai presented offerings of famous horses. (21) At the end of spring that year, Goumang brought trees and flowers to bloom, (22) and the gentle breeze fanned the earth; the bow was dry and my arms were pliant; the grass was short and the beasts were fat. My cousin Zidan (23) and I went on a hunt west of Ye City, (24) and at the end of the day we caught nine deer and thirty pheasants. Later on I was with the troops heading to the South, and Xun Yu, (25) Director of the Imperial Secretariat was sent to reward the troops when we encamped at Quli. (26) Catching me at the end of a conversation, Xun said, “I have heard that you can shoot from both hands – this is truly commendable.” I replied, “Sir, you have yet to see me shooting from beside my neck or mouth, hitting the Horseshoe target while bending low, and the Yuezhi target while reaching up.” Xun said with a delighted smile, “Is that truly so!” I replied, “The moving targets have set paths, while the stationary targets have set locations; even if one could hit a target with every shot, his skills are not yet perfect. Yet if he would gallop through the plains and pursue beasts and birds, with his bow never drawn in vain, and every arrow piercing through the game – that would be brilliant.” Zhang Jing (27) , the Chancellor who was present then, looked at Xun and slapped his hands, saying, “This is good.”
余又學擊劍，閱師多矣。四方之法各異，唯京師為善。桓靈之間，有虎賁王越善劍術，稱於京師。河南史阿言昔與越遊，具得其法。余從阿學之精熟。嘗與平虜將軍劉勳、奮威將軍��展等共飲。宿聞展善有手臂，曉五兵，又稱其能空手入白刃。余與論劍良久，謂言將軍法非也，余顧嘗好之，又得善術。因求與余對。時酒酣耳熱，方食芋蔗，便以為杖，下殿數交。三中其臂，左右大笑。展意不平，求更為之。余言吾法急屬，難相中面，故齊臂耳。展言願複一交，余知其欲突以取交中也，因偽深進。展果尋前，余郤腳鄛，正截其顙。座中驚視。余還座，笑曰：「昔陽慶使淳於意去其故方，更授以秘術。今余亦願��將軍捐棄故伎，更受要道也。」一座盡歡。
I have also learnt to fence with a sword. I have encountered many masters, and though the methods vary from place to place, those of the Capital are the best. During the reigns of Emperors Huan (28) and Ling (29) , there was a Brave Tiger Guard named Wang Yue (30) , who was an expert at swordplay and had a good reputation in the Capital. Shi A (31) from Henan said that he had once travelled with Wang, and has learnt all of his techniques. I studied with Shi, and learnt the essence of his techniques. Once I was drinking with Liu Xun (32) the General Who Pacifies Insurgents, Deng Zhan (33) the General Who Exerts Might and a few others. Long had I heard that Deng had powerful arms and mastered five weapons; some said he could catch a sword with his bare hands. After a long discussion with him on swordsmanship, I told him, “General, your way is wrong – I used to be fond of yours, and then I learned a better way.” Thus he asked to fight with me. At that time we were warmed with wine and chewing sugarcanes; so we took those as swords, descended from the hall, and fought several rounds. Thrice I hit him on his arm and everybody laughed. Deng was unwilling to submit and asked to fight again. I told him that my way emphasizes speed and it would be hard to aim at his face; so I had only struck up to arm-height. Deng said he would want to fight again. I knew he was trying to rush forward and strike my chest; I thus feinted to advance, and Deng attempted to dash forward as expected – as I hit him squarely on his face with a shift. All present were astounded. I returned to my seat and said with a smile, “In olden times Yang Qing (34) instructed Chunyu Yi (35) to abandon his old practices and taught him with an esoteric method. (36) Now I would also wish General Deng to discard his former techniques and accept the essentials of mine.” The assembly was all made merry.
夫事不可自謂已長。余少曉持複，自謂無對。俗名雙戟為坐鐵室，鑲楯為蔽木戶。 後從陳國袁敏學，以單攻複，每為若神，對家不知所出。先日若逢敏于狹路，直決耳！余於他戲弄之事少所喜，唯彈棋略盡其巧，少為之賦。昔京師先工有馬合鄉侯、東方安世、張公子，常恨不得與彼數子者對。上雅好詩書文籍，雖在軍旅，手不釋卷。每定省從容。常言人少好學則思專，長則善忘。長大而能勤學者，唯吾與袁伯業耳。余是以少誦詩論，及長而備歷五經四部；史漢、諸子百家之言，靡不畢覽。所著書論詩賦，凡六十篇。至若智而能愚，勇而能怯，仁以接物，恕以及下，以付後之良史。
In no matter shall one claim to excel. At a younger age I could wield twin blades, and believed myself to be matchless – a popular saying goes that “one with twin halberds is like staying in an iron room, and one with two shields is like sheltered in a wooden house.” Later I studied under Yuan Min (37) from the state of Chen (38) , who could use single weapons to counter double weapons, and whose skill was extraordinary that his opponent could never predict his next strike. If, in earlier days, I had come into confrontation with Yuan, I would have been defeated in a wink! I have had few interests in games since childhood, only with chess have I mastered a few strategies, and had written a fu about that when I was young. Formerly among the masters at the Capital there were Marquis Ma of Hexiang (39) , Dongfang Anshi (40) and the young master Zhang (41) ; I always regretted never having the chance to play against them. Father had a refined appreciation for poetry, history and literary works, so that even among his troops he was never seen without a book in hand. At deep nights and early mornings he would read calmly and confidently, and say, “When one is young and fond of learning, his thoughts are absorbed; yet as he age the joy is forgotten. Yuan Boye (42) and I alone were those who would study diligently even when we have grown old.” I therefore read and recited the Book of Odes and the Analects at an early age, and as I grew older I thoroughly explored the Five Classics, the Four Vaults, the Shi ji, the Han shu and the words of the various schools of thought – there was none of these that I have not read comprehensively. The essays, treatises, poetry and fu I have written amounts to about sixty. As to whether I have been wise yet humble-looking, brave yet willing to retreat when the time comes, kind and honest to my fellows, and considerate and compassionate with my vassals, this I leave for a virtuous historian of a later time to decide.